Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego

Author: Sigmund Freud

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The Interpretation of Dreams

Sigmund Freud

For many, this is the book that determined the beginning of psychoanalysis. In The Interpretation of Dreams Freud puts forward the theory that our dreams may be the way in which our non-conscious thoughts emerge to our consciousness, through messages emitted with the use of symbols.

In this case dreams would be the manifestation of repressed desires that come to light when we sleep.

In this work Freud presented a mechanism to be able to interpret the images and contents. It was also in this work that the concept of the «ego» appears for the first time.

Psychopathology of Everyday Life

Sigmund Freud

Freudian theory deals with the origin of the symptoms of serious mental pathologies and, at the same time, tries to explain the essential psychological mechanisms behind the actions of human beings in general.

In Psychopathology of Everyday Life, Freud explains how, in his opinion, the functioning of our unconscious generates the appearance of small inconsistencies in our behavior: lapses, confused words and, in general, what the psychoanalyst called failed acts. He also explains the possible failures in the functioning of the human psyche that, from his perspective, could be behind these phenomena.

Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality

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Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality is considered one of Freud’s most relevant texts, since it embodies the concepts that make up the Freudian theory of psychosexual development.

This group of three essays is very interesting and useful to comprehensively understand the legacy of the creator of psychoanalysis.

Freud used the theme of sexuality as the center of all psychological gear, which caused serious differences with several of his colleagues.

Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud wrote Delusion and Dream in Jensen’s Gradiva in 1906 and it was published in May 1907. It can be regarded as his interpretation of the 1903 novel Gradiva by the German writer Wilhelm Jensen, which the psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung recommended to Freud.

In this novel, a young man named Norbert Hanold, while visiting a museum, is struck by the beauty of a bas-relief of a young Roman girl, whom he calls “Gradiva”. As the days go by, his thoughts are invaded by the image of this woman, dreaming of her and becoming obsessed with the idea of meeting her.

It is believed that the reason for Jung’s recommendation to Freud is based on the fact that Gradiva deals with the subject of dreams, and it is well known that the Austrian psychoanalyst was interested in the role of dreams in the psyche of people, as he shows in The Interpretation of Dreams.

Notes upon a Case of Obsessional Neurosis (the Rat Man case history)

Sigmund Freud

In October 1909, Freud published in Germany Notes upon a Case of Obsessional Neurosis, also known as the Rat Man case history, a nickname Freud gave him because the patient suffered from nightmares related to rats.

The intention of the publication of this work was to demonstrate that psychoanalysis could indeed achieve effective therapeutic results (or so he stated), being under pressure since he had previously been unable to publish any successful results of psychoanalysis. In this way, he was finally able to demonstrate to the world his therapeutic capabilities.

The patient, whose identity is still speculated today, was in treatment for about 6 months starting in October 1907. It is worth mentioning that the first 3 months the treatment was regular and daily, and the second trimester was sporadic and irregular.