Digital Transformation and Its Impact on IT Structure and Leadership

An open textbook on how organizations divide and coordinate work. It explains centralization, formalization and levels of hierarchy, then compares functional, divisional and matrix structures with real company examples.

Bruce Weir, Christine Pitt and Venecia Williams

A university study unit that walks through every major structure type: line, line and staff, functional, divisional, matrix, project, network, boundaryless and inverted pyramid. Each one comes with its advantages, drawbacks and review questions.

Indira Gandhi National Open University

Summarizes Henry Mintzberg's framework for classifying organizations by their key part, main coordinating mechanism and degree of decentralization. It explains his five configurations, from simple structure and machine bureaucracy to adhocracy.

Fred C. Lunenburg

Argues that organization design should be a forward-looking science and examines the fit between structure and coordination mechanisms such as information, decisions, trust and incentives. It introduces the multi-contingency approach behind Burton and Obel's design model.

Richard M. Burton and Børge Obel